Passive Participle in Arabic - اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ | Arabic Free Course

Introduction

We have observed that الْمَفْعُولُ بِهِ, or the direct object, receives the action of the verb. However, the passive participle, اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ, follows the pattern مَفْعُولٌ.

Examples:

فَعَلَ – مَفْعُولٌ
Done

فَتَحَ – مَفْتُوحٌ
Opened

خَلَقَ – مَخْلُوقٌ
Created

جَمَعَ – مَجْمُوعٌ
Gathered

عَلِمَ – مَعْلُومٌ
Known

1. مَفْعُولٌ — Passive Participle

A. Masculine Gender Passive Participle Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَفْعُولٌ — Done

Dual: مَفْعُولَانِ — (two) done

Plural: مَفْعُولُونَ — (all) done

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَفْعُولًا — Done

Dual: مَفْعُولَيْنِ — (two) done

Plural: مَفْعُولِينَ — (all) done

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَفْعُولٍ — Done

Dual: مَفْعُولَيْنِ — (two) done

Plural: مَفْعُولِينَ — (all) done

B. Feminine Gender Passive Participle Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَفْعُولَةٌ — Done

Dual: مَفْعُولَتَانِ — (two) done

Plural: مَفْعُولَاتٌ — (all) done

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَفْعُولَةً — Done

Dual: مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ — (two) done

Plural: مَفْعُولَاتٍ — (all) done

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَفْعُولَةٍ — Done

Dual: مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ — (two) done

Plural: مَفْعُولَاتٍ — (all) done

C. Examples of the Passive Participle in the Holy Quran

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللّٰهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ

And the Jews said, “The hand of Allah is chained.” Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they said. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. (5:64)

وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ

And [by] the promised Day. (85:2)

وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ

And [by] the witness and what is witnessed. (85:3)

The passive participle of hamzated verbs such as أَكَلَ, سَأَلَ, قَرَأَ, and assimilated verbs like وَعَدَ and يَسِرَ, also follow the pattern مَفْعُولٌ.

Examples:

أَكَلَ – مَأْكُولٌ
Eaten

سَأَلَ – مَسْؤُولٌ
Asked

قَرَأَ – مَقْرُوءٌ
Read

وَعَدَ – مَوْعُودٌ
Promised

يَسِرَ – مَيْسُورٌ
Feasible

2. Hollow Verbs — الأَجْوَفُ

When the verb’s second radical is the weak letter و, as in قَالَ, its passive participle takes the form مَقُولٌ.

A. Masculine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَقُولٌ — Said

Dual: مَقُولَانِ — (two) said

Plural: مَقُولُونَ — (all) said

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَقُولًا — Said

Dual: مَقُولَيْنِ — (two) said

Plural: مَقُولِينَ — (all) said

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَقُولٍ — Said

Dual: مَقُولَيْنِ — (two) said

Plural: مَقُولِينَ — (all) said

B. Feminine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَقُولَةٌ — Said

Dual: مَقُولَتَانِ — (two) said

Plural: مَقُولَاتٌ — (all) said

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَقُولَةً — Said

Dual: مَقُولَتَيْنِ — (two) said

Plural: مَقُولَاتٍ — (all) said

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَقُولَةٍ — Said

Dual: مَقُولَتَيْنِ — (two) said

Plural: مَقُولَاتٍ — (all) said

When the verb’s second radical is the weak letter ى, as in بَاعَ, the passive participle becomes مَبِيعٌ.

C. Masculine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَبِيعٌ — Sold

Dual: مَبِيعَانِ — (two) sold

Plural: مَبِيعُونَ — (all) sold

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَبِيعًا — Sold

Dual: مَبِيعَيْنِ — (two) sold

Plural: مَبِيعِينَ — (all) sold

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَبِيعٍ — Sold

Dual: مَبِيعَيْنِ — (two) sold

Plural: مَبِيعِينَ — (all) sold

D. Feminine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَبِيعَةٌ — Sold

Dual: مَبِيعَتَانِ — (two) sold

Plural: مَبِيعَاتٌ — (all) sold

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَبِيعَةً — Sold

Dual: مَبِيعَتَيْنِ — (two) sold

Plural: مَبِيعَاتٍ — (all) sold

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَبِيعَةٍ — Sold

Dual: مَبِيعَتَيْنِ — (two) sold

Plural: مَبِيعَاتٍ — (all) sold

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3. Geminate Verbs — الْمُضَاعَفُ

When the verb’s second and third radicals are the same, such as رَدَّ (to return), the passive participle follows the pattern مَرْدُودٌ (returned).

A. Masculine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَرْدُودٌ — Returned

Dual: مَرْدُودَانِ — (two) returned

Plural: مَرْدُودُونَ — (all) returned

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَرْدُودًا — Returned

Dual: مَرْدُودَيْنِ — (two) returned

Plural: مَرْدُودِينَ — (all) returned

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَرْدُودٍ — Returned

Dual: مَرْدُودَيْنِ — (two) returned

Plural: مَرْدُودِينَ — (all) returned

B. Feminine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَرْدُودَةٌ — Returned

Dual: مَرْدُودَتَانِ — (two) returned

Plural: مَرْدُودَاتٌ — (all) returned

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَرْدُودَةً — Returned

Dual: مَرْدُودَتَيْنِ — (two) returned

Plural: مَرْدُودَاتٍ — (all) returned

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَرْدُودَةٍ — Returned

Dual: مَرْدُودَتَيْنِ — (two) returned

Plural: مَرْدُودَاتٍ — (all) returned

C. Examples of the Passive Participle in the Holy Quran

فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّىٰ

So he neither believed nor prayed. (75:31)

كَلَّا إِنَّهَا كَلِمَةٌ هُوَ قَائِلُهَا

No! It is merely a word he is saying. (23:100)

فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا

Indeed, He is ever forgiving to those who return to Him. (17:25)

وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ

And those who avoid idle talk. (23:3)

4. Defective Verbs — الْمُنْقَلِ

A defective verb is one whose third radical is a weak letter (و or ي), such as رَمَى (to throw) or دَعَا (to call). Its passive participle follows the pattern مَرْمِيٌّ or مَدْعُوٌّ.

A. Masculine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَرْمِيٌّ — Thrown

Dual: مَرْمِيَّانِ — (two) thrown

Plural: مَرْمِيُّونَ — (all) thrown

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَرْمِيًّا — Thrown

Dual: مَرْمِيَّيْنِ — (two) thrown

Plural: مَرْمِيِّينَ — (all) thrown

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَرْمِيٍّ — Thrown

Dual: مَرْمِيَّيْنِ — (two) thrown

Plural: مَرْمِيِّينَ — (all) thrown

B. Feminine Passive Participle Reference Chart

Nominative Case — حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

Singular: مَرْمِيَّةٌ — Thrown

Dual: مَرْمِيَّتَانِ — (two) thrown

Plural: مَرْمِيَّاتٌ — (all) thrown

Accusative — حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

Singular: مَرْمِيَّةً — Thrown

Dual: مَرْمِيَّتَيْنِ — (two) thrown

Plural: مَرْمِيَّاتٍ — (all) thrown

Genitive — حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

Singular: مَرْمِيَّةٍ — Thrown

Dual: مَرْمِيَّتَيْنِ — (two) thrown

Plural: مَرْمِيَّاتٍ — (all) thrown

C. Examples of Defective Passive Participles in the Holy Quran

فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ مُشْرِقِينَ

And the shriek seized them at sunrise. (15:73)

وَقِيلَ الْيَوْمَ نَنسَاكُمْ كَمَا نَسِيتُمْ لِقَاءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا

And it will be said, “Today We forget you as you forgot the meeting of this Day of yours.” (45:34)

وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ

And He is the Forgiving, the Affectionate. (85:14)

إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ

Indeed, your Lord is in observation. (89:14)

Conclusion

We have completed our study of the different passive participle forms in Arabic. In the next lesson, we will explore the derived noun patterns and their meanings within Qur’anic Arabic.

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